General Specification for Civil Engineering Works, 2020 Edition

The General Specification for Civil Engineering Works lays down the quality of materials, the standards of workmanship, the testing methods and the acceptance criteria for civil engineering works undertaken for the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Where necessary, this General Specification should be supplemented by a particular specification.

土木工程通用指南规定了为香港特别行政区政府承建的土木工程的材料质量、工艺标准、测试方法和验收准则。 必要时，本通用指南应补充特定技术要求。

6.38.1 Unless otherwise stated in the Contract, areas of fill shall be formed of general fill material.

6.38.1 除非合同中另有规定，否则填充区域应由一般填充材料形成。

6.39.1 Except in public filling area as stated in Clause 6.58, fill material shall be obtained from excavation within the Site. If there is insufficient fill material of the required types within the Site, imported fill material shall be provided by the Contractor from sources outside the Site.

6.39.1 除第6.58条规定的公共填土区域外，填土材料应从现场内的开挖中获得。如果现场内所需类型的填充材料不足，承包商应从现场以外的来源提供进口填充材料。

6.39.2 The Contractor shall notify the Supervisor in writing each time that imported fill from a different source is used in the works. Stockpiles of material (except contaminated material) for incorporation in the works may be formed within the Site to the acceptance of the Supervisor. In addition the Contractor shall ensure that material from different sources is kept separate within stockpile areas. Pulverised Fuel Ash shall not be considered as suitable filling material in this Contract unless specified by the Project Manager.

6.39.2 每次工程中使用不同来源的进口填料时，承包商应书面通知监理人。工程中使用的材料（受污染材料除外）可在现场内堆放，并经监理验收。此外，承包商应确保不同来源的材料在储存区内分开存放。除非项目经理另有规定，否则粉煤灰不应被视为本合同中合适的填充材料。

6.39.3 The Contractor shall, when instructed by the Supervisor, supply fill material from his own sources to the Site for uses associated with this contract. Each source of supply shall be to the Supervisor's acceptance prior to its use as fill material.

6.39.3 承包商应根据监理的指示，从自己的来源向现场提供与本合同相关的填料。每种供应源在用作填充材料之前均应经监理人验收。

6.40.1 Except as stated in Clause 6.56, surfaces on which fill material is to be deposited shall be prepared after site clearance in accordance with the following requirements: (a) Topsoil, grass, and other organic matter shall be removed. (b) Soft spots, boulders and other materials, which in the opinion of the Engineer are unsuitable or unstable, shall be removed. (c) Watercourses shall be diverted as stated in the Contract. (d) Benches shall be cut and sub-soil drainage systems installed as stated in the Contract. (e) Voids shall be dealt with as stated in the Contract or instructed by the Engineer. (f) Surfaces other than rock shall be scarified to a depth of 200 mm and compacted to the same standard as the fill material that is to be deposited.

6.40.1 除第6.56条规定外，应在现场清理后按照以下要求对将要沉积填料的表面进行处理：（a）应清除表土、草和其他有机物。（b） 工程师认为不合适或不稳定的软弱点、巨石和其他材料应清除。（c） 水道应按照合同规定改道。（d） 应按照合同中的规定，切割工作台并安装底土排水系统。（e） 空隙应按照合同规定或工程师的指示进行处理。（f） 岩石以外的表面应翻松至200 mm的深度，并压实至与待沉积填料相同的标准。

6.41.1 The permission of the Engineer shall be obtained before deposition of fill material starts in any area of fill.

6.41.1 在任何填充区域开始沉积填充材料之前，应获得工程师的许可。

6.42.1 Haulage of fill material to an area of fill shall proceed only when the compaction plant operating at the area to be filled is sufficient to achieve the specified requirements for relative compaction of the fill material.

6.42.1 只有当在待填充区域运行的压实设备足以达到填充材料相对压实的规定要求时，才能将填充材料运至填充区域。

6.43.1 Fill material obtained from excavations within the Site shall be deposited in its final location as soon as practicable after it has been excavated.

6.43.1 从现场开挖获得的填料应在开挖后尽快存放在最终位置。

6.43.2 Fill material shall be deposited in layers of a thickness appropriate to the compaction method to be used. In deposition of fill material, the Contractor shall ensure that a good bond is achieved between layers of fill, and unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, no material shall be placed on previously compacted layers unless the surface has been scarified or otherwise broken up and, if necessary, watered.

6.43.2 填料应分层堆放，其厚度应与所用压实方法相适应。在填料的沉积过程中，承包商应确保填料层之间实现良好的粘结，除非工程师另有指示，否则不得将任何材料放置在先前压实的层上，除非表面已翻松或以其他方式破碎，并在必要时浇水。

6.43.3 Unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer, layers of fill material shall be horizontal, except for any gradient required for drainage, and the thickness of each layer shall be uniform over the area to be filled. The fill material shall be brought up from the bottom in uniform horizontal layers, with the top of each layer graded to enable surface water to drain readily.

6.43.3 除非工程师另有许可，填料层应为水平的，排水所需的任何坡度除外，并且每层的厚度应在待填充区域内均匀。填料应从底部均匀水平分层，每层的顶部应分级，以使地表水易于排出。

6.43.4 Except in excavations for structures, pits and trenches, if the difference in level between adjacent areas to be filled exceeds 1 m, the edge of the higher area shall be benched before fill material is placed against it.

6.43.4 除构筑物、坑和沟渠的开挖外，如果相邻待填充区域之间的拟实现高差超过1m，则在将填充材料放置在较高区域的边缘之前，应设置马道。

6.43.5 Execution of the Works shall be controlled in such a manner that any compaction of the fill material resulting from the passage of construction plant or haulage vehicles is uniform.

6.43.5 工程的实施应以这样一种方式进行控制，即施工设备或运输车辆通过时产生的任何填料压实都是均匀的。

6.43.6 Except as stated in Clause 6.56, fill material shall not be deposited by end-tipping, by pushing loose material down slope faces or by other methods which may result in segregation or inadequate compaction of the fill material.

6.43.6 除第6.56条以外，不得通过端头倾倒、将松散材料推下坡面或其他可能导致填料离析或压实不足的方法来沉积填料。

6.43.7 An accurate and up-to-date record showing dates, weather conditions, approximate elevations, source of materials, compactive effort etc. shall be kept by the Contractor showing when fill is placed in various locations within the Site. This record shall be available for inspection by the Supervisor. The Contractor shall also record the results of all compaction and in-situ density tests and shall correlate these results with the various locations and elevations at which fill material has been placed and the location from which the fill material was obtained.

6.43.7 承包商应保存一份准确、最新的记录，显示日期、天气条件、大致海拔、材料来源、压实工作等，显示何时在现场内的各个位置进行填充。该记录应可供监理人检查。承包商还应记录所有压实和现场密度测试的结果，并将这些结果与填筑填料的不同位置和高程以及获得填料的位置相关联。

6.43.8 Isolated boulders or rock fragments up to 0.01 m³ in size may be incorporated in the soil provided the maximum dimension is less than two thirds the thickness of the compacted layer and the specified compaction requirements are met. No boulders shall be placed within 600 mm of formation level.

6.43.8 如果最大尺寸小于压实层厚度的三分之二，并且满足规定的压实要求，则可以在土壤中加入尺寸达0.01m³的孤立巨石或岩石碎片。不得在地层标高600mm范围内放置巨石。

6.43.9 Existing surface boulders that are greater than 0.1m³ within former stream areas that are to be backfilled shall be removed prior to backfilling and compaction.

6.43.9 在回填和压实之前，应清除将要回填的前河流区域内大于0.1m³的现有地表巨砾。

6.43.10 When different accepted materials are used as fill they shall be spread and compacted in separate clearly defined areas or layers as agreed by the Supervisor. Where the gradings of accepted materials are different the Contractor shall place them in a manner which will not result in the migration of the finer material when water flows through the material.

6.43.10 当使用不同的验收材料作为填料时，应按照监理人的同意，将其摊铺并压实在单独明确定义的区域或层中。如果验收材料的级配不同，承包商应将其放置在水流过材料时不会导致较细材料迁移的方式。

6.43.11 Where an embankment or other filling is to be formed on sloping ground, it shall be benched in steps or trenched in accordance with the requirements of this contract or as directed by the Supervisor The benched or trenched surface shall include any necessary filter and drainage layers. The benching or trenches shall be kept free of water.

6.43.11 如果在斜坡地面上形成路堤或其他填料，则应按照本合同的要求或监理的指示，形成阶梯或沟壑。台阶或沟壑表面应包括必要的过滤层和排水层。台阶或沟壑应保持无水。

6.44.1 In areas of fill formed of material other than rock fill material, earthworks final surfaces sloping at a gradient exceeding 1 vertical to 3 horizontal shall be formed by overfilling and cutting back after compaction. Over-filling shall extend beyond the earthworks final surface by a horizontal distance of 0.5 m or three times the thickness of the compacted layer, whichever is greater.

6.44.1 在由除填石材料以外的材料形成的填土区域，土方工程最终表面的坡度超过1:3(垂直:水平)，应通过过度填充和压实后的削坡形成。过度填充应延伸超出土方工程最终表面0.5 m的水平距离或压实层厚度的三倍，以较大者为准。

6.45.1 Except as stated in Clause 6.45(4), fill material deposited within 0.5m of a structure or utility shall be fine fill material unless otherwise stated in the Contract. In addition, the material may contain up to 5% by weight of fresh, slightly decomposed or moderately decomposed rock fragments of up to 200 mm provided that these do not cause any damage to structures, nor do they interfere with the compaction requirements.

6.45.1 除非第6.45（4）条另有规定，否则沉积在构筑物或公用设施0.5m范围内的填料应为细填料，除非合同另有规定。此外，材料可含有高达5%重量的新鲜、轻微分解或中等分解的岩石碎片，最大可达200mm，前提是这些碎片不会对结构造成任何损坏，也不会干扰压实要求。

6.45.2 Fill material shall not be deposited adjacent to or above structures or utilities until the construction of the structure or utility is sufficiently advanced to accept the imposed forces without disturbance or damage.

6.45.2 在结构或公用设施的施工充分推进，能够在不损坏的情况下接受施加的力之前，不得将填料沉积在结构或公共设施附近或上方。

6.45.3 Fill material shall be deposited evenly on all sides of structures and utilities and in such a manner that the structure or utility is not disturbed or damaged.

6.45.3 填料应均匀地沉积在结构和公用设施的所有侧面，且其方式应确保结构或公用设施不受干扰或损坏。

6.45.4 Unless otherwise stated in the Contract, fill material around water, sewage and drainage pipes which are laid as part of the permanent work shall be special fill material. They shall be deposited in layers not exceeding 100 mm thick to a level of 300 mm above the top of the pipe. The fill material shall be deposited in such a manner that the layer on one side of the pipe is not more than 100 mm higher than the layer on the other side.

6.45.4 除非合同中另有规定，作为永久工程一部分铺设的水、污水和排水管道周围的填充材料应为特殊填充材料。它们应分层沉积，厚度不超过100 mm，达到管道顶部以上300 mm的水平。填充材料的沉积方式应确保管道一侧与比另一侧的高差不超过100 mm。

6.45.5 Backfilling around manholes, gully pits, gully sumps and other drainage chambers shall not take place until 7 days after placing of concrete. Where the clear horizontal distance between the outer face of the manhole and the side of the excavation is less than 600 mm, the Contractor shall backfill with Grade 10 concrete or foamed lightweight concrete compacted by internal vibrators. Where the distance between the outside face of the manhole and the side of the excavation is 600 mm or more, backfill material shall be suitable material compacted by mechanical means in accordance with the requirements of Section 6 of the GS except that rollers with a force in excess of 1.75 kN per 100 mm width shall not be used.

6.45.5 在混凝土浇筑后7天内，不得在人孔、集水坑、集水井和其他排水室周围进行回填。如果人孔外表面与开挖侧之间的净水平距离小于600 mm，承包商应使用10级混凝土或通过内部振动器压实的泡沫轻质混凝土进行回填。如果检修孔外表面与开挖面之间的距离为600 mm或以上，则回填材料应为符合GS第6节要求的通过机械方式压实的合适材料，但不得使用每100 mm宽度超过1.75 kN的压路机。

6.46.1 The final compacted thickness of each layer of rock fill material shall exceed 1.5 times and shall not exceed twice the nominal Grade size of the rock fill material.

6.46.1 每层填石材料的最终压实厚度应超过填石材料标称等级尺寸的1.5倍但不得超过2倍。

6.46.2 The surface voids of each layer of rock fill material shall be filled with fragments of rock before the next layer is deposited. The final surface of rock fill material shall also be blinded with fine fill material.

6.46.2 在沉积下一层之前，应使用岩石碎片填充每层岩石填充材料的表面空隙。填石材料的最终表面也应采用细填料进行填塞。

6.47.1 If sheet piling, timbering or other temporary supports to excavations for structures, pits and trenches are not to be left in place, the sheet piling, timbering or supports shall be removed as deposition of fill material proceeds. The supports shall be removed in such a manner that the stability of the adjacent ground is maintained and the compacted fill material is not disturbed.

6.47.1 如果结构、坑和沟渠开挖的板桩、木结构或其他临时支撑物无需留置在原位，则应随着填充材料的沉积而移除板桩、木支架或支撑物。支架的拆除方式应保证相邻地面的稳定性，且压实的填料不会受到干扰。